Fourth Grade

Reading Foundational Skills

• Phonics and Word Recognition (Q1-Q4)
  
  • Use combined knowledge of all letter-sound correspondences, syllabication patterns, and morphology (roots and affixes) to read accurately
    
• Fluency 
  
  • Read with sufficient accuracy and fluency to support comprehension (Q1 - Q4)

Reading Literature

• Key Ideas and Details
  
  • Refer to details and examples in a text when explaining what the text says (Q1, Q3)
  • Determine a theme of a story, drama, or poem from details of the text (Q1, Q3)
  • Describe, in depth, characters, settings, or events in a story, drawing on specific details in the text (Q1, Q3)
• Craft and Structure
  
  • Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including those that allude to significant characters found in mythology (Q1, Q3)
  • Explain the major differences between poems, drama, and prose (Q1, Q3)
  • Compare and contrast the points of view from which different stories are narrated (Q3)
• Integration of Knowledge and Ideas
  
  • Make connections between the text of a story or drama and a visual or oral presentation  (Q3)
  • Compare and contrast the treatment of themes, topics, and patterns of events in stories, myths, and traditional literature from different cultures (Q3)

Reading Informational

• Key Ideas and Details  
  
  • Refer to details and examples in a text when explaining what the text says (Q2, Q4)
  • Determine the main idea of a text and explain how it is supported by key details; summarize the text (Q2, Q4)
    Explain events, procedures, ideas, or concepts in a historical, scientific, or technical text, including what happened and why (Q2)
• Craft and Structure
  
  • Determine the meaning of general academic and domain-specific words and phrases in a text (Q2)
  • Describe the overall structure of events, ideas, concepts, or information in a text (Q2)
  • Compare and contrast a first-hand and second-hand account of the same event or topic (Q4)
• Integration of Knowledge and Ideas
  
  • Interpret information presented visually, orally, or quantitatively and explain how the information contributes to an understanding of the text (Q2, Q4)
  • Explain how an author uses reasons and evidence to support points (Q4)
    integrate information from two texts on the same topic to write or speak about the subject knowledgeably (Q2)  

Writing

• Text Types and Purposes
  
  • Write opinion pieces (Q4)
  • Write informative (explanatory) texts (Q2)
  • Write narratives (stories) (Q1, Q3)
• Production and Distribution of Writing (Q1 - Q4)
  
  • Produce clear and coherent writing  (Q1 - Q4)
  • Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, and editing (Q1 - Q4)
  • Use technology to produce and publish writing (Q2, Q3)
• Handwriting
  
  • Write legibly in cursive (Q1-Q4)
• Research to Build and Present Knowledge
  
  • Conduct short research projects to build knowledge through investigation of different aspects of a topic (Q2, Q4)
  • Recall relevant information from experiences or gather relevant information from print and digital sources to answer a question; take notes and categorize information (Q2)
  • Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research (Q1-Q4)

Language

• Conventions of Standard English 
  
  • Demonstrate command of the conventions of English grammar and usage when writing and speaking (Q1-Q4)
  • Demonstrate command of the conventions of English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing (Q1-Q4)
• Knowledge of Language 
  
  • Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, listening (Q1,Q3)
• Vocabulary Acquisition and Use 
  
  • Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words (Q1 - Q4)
  • Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings (Q1-Q4)
  • Acquire and use accurate vocabulary, including words and phrases that signal spatial and temporal relationships (Q4)

Speaking and Listening

• Comprehension and Collaboration (Q1 - Q4)
  
  • Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions
  • Paraphrase portions of a text read aloud or information presented in diverse media formats
  • Identify the reasons and evidence a speaker provides to support particular points
• Presentation of Knowledge and Ideas (Q1 - Q4)
  
  • Report on a topic or text
  • Add audio recordings and visual displays to presentations when appropriate
  • Differentiate between contexts that call for formal or informal English

Numerical Reasoning

• Place Value Understanding within 1,000,000
  
  • Read and write multi-digit whole numbers in unit, standard, and expanded form (Q1)
  • Explain the relationship between a digit in a multi-digit whole number and the same digit in the place to the right and left using multiplication and division (Q1)
  • Compare up to three whole numbers by using >, =, or <  (Q1)
  • Order up to five whole numbers (Q1)
• Round Whole Numbers within 1,000,000
  
  • Round multi-digit whole numbers within 1,000,000 (Q1)
• Add & Subtract Multi-Digit Whole Numbers
  
  • Add and subtract multi-digit whole numbers by using place value understanding and algorithms (Q1)
• Multiplicative Comparison
  
  • Model multiplicative comparison statements (Q1)
  • Create two comparison statements, given a multiplication equation (Q1)
  • Write multiplicative comparison statements as multiplication equations (Q1)
  • Solve word problems involving multiplicative comparison by using multiplication or division within 100 (Q1)
• Multiply Multi-Digit Whole Numbers
  
  • Multiply a two-digit whole number by a one-digit whole number using place value understanding and strategies (Q2)
  • Multiply whole numbers of up to four digits by one-digit whole numbers using place value understanding and strategies (Q2)
  • Multiply 2 two-digit whole numbers using place value understanding and strategies (Q3)
• Divide Multi-Digit Whole Numbers
  
  • Divide by a one-digit whole number using tens and ones using place value understanding and strategies (Q2)
  • Divide whole numbers of up to four digits by one-digit whole numbers using place value understanding and strategies (Q2)
  • Use context to determine how to interpret a remainder (Q3)
• Multi-Step Problems with All Operations
  
  • Solve multi-step word problems by using addition and subtraction; represent these problems by using equations (Q1)
  • Solve multi-step word problems by using the four arithmetic operations, including problems that require interpreting remainders in context, represent these problems by using equations, and assess the reasonableness of answers (Q3)
  • Assess the reasonableness of estimates when using rounding as an estimation strategy (Q1 - Q4)
• Fraction Equivalence & Comparison
  
  • Generate equivalent fractions and their representations (Q3)
  • Model and explain why a fraction a/b is equivalent to a fraction (n × a)/(n × b) (Q3)
  • Compare two fractions with the same numerator or the same denominator and justify the conclusion by using a visual fraction model (Q3)
  • Compare two fractions with different numerators and different denominators and justify the conclusions (Q3)
• Add & Subtract Fractions & Mixed Numbers with Like Units
  
  • Decompose whole numbers and fractions as the sum of unit fractions (Q3)
  • Decompose fractions into a sum of fractions with the same denominator in more than one way (Q3)
  • Add and subtract fractions and mixed numbers with like denominators (Q3)
• Fractions with Denominators of 10 & 100 and Decimal Numbers
  
  • Express fractions with denominator 10 as equivalent fractions with denominator 100 (Q4)
  • Represent tenths and hundredths in decimal form, fraction form, or by using a model (Q4) 
  • Compare two decimal numbers to hundredths and justify the conclusions (Q4)

Patterning & Algebraic Reasoning

• Patterns & Input-Output Rules
  
  • Create a pattern that follows a given rule and identify additional features of that pattern (Q2)
  • Use input-output tables to represent patterns and solve problems (Q2)
• Factors, Multiples, Prime, & Composite Numbers
  
  • Identify a multiple of a given whole number in the range 1–100 (Q2)
  • Find whole-number factor pairs in the range 1–100 (Q2)
  • Determine whether a whole number up to 100 is prime or composite (Q2)

Measurement & Data Reasoning

• Solve Problems Involving Measurement
  
  • Solve multiplicative comparison word problems that involve units of measurement (Q1)
  • Represent measurement quantities by using diagrams (Q1)
  • Solve word problems that require expressing measurements of larger units of length in terms of a smaller unit within the customary system (Q1)
  • Express larger/smaller units of time, metric units of weight, and liquid volumes in terms of a smaller/larger unit by using tables (Q3)
  • Solve word problems that require expressing measurements of larger/smaller units of time, metric units of weight, and liquid volumes, in terms of a smaller/larger unit (Q3)
  • Solve measurement addition and subtraction word problems involving fractions with like denominators (Q3)
  • Solve measurement word problems that involve adding decimal fractions with denominators of 10 and/or 100 (Q4)
• Ask Questions, Collect, Analyze, & Interpret Data
  
  • Create a line plot to display a data set of measurements in fractions of a unit (1/2, 1/4, 1/8) and solve problems involving addition and subtraction of fractions by using the line plot (Q3)
  • Conduct a real-life investigation, collect and represent data, and ask and answer questions based on a graphical display (Q4)

Geometric & Spatial Reasoning

• Angles & Angle Measurement
  
  • Identify and draw right, acute, and obtuse angles in relation to an angle measuring 90 degrees (Q4)
  • Apply understanding of angle types to classify triangles as acute, obtuse, or right (Q4)
  • Convert between angle measures expressed as a fractional turn through a circle and degrees using division or missing factor equation (Q4)
  • Measure angles in reference to 360 degrees in a circle using non-standard units of measurement (Q4)
• Attributes of Polygons & Line Symmetry
  
  • Identify points, lines, line segments, rays, angles (right, acute, obtuse), perpendicular and parallel lines, and lines of symmetry in two-dimensional figures (Q4)
  • Identify and draw angles (right, acute, obtuse) in a variety of contexts (Q4)
  • Identify attributes and use them to classify two-dimensional figures, including triangles (Q4)
• Problems Involving Area & Perimeter of Composite Rectangles
  
  • Solve problems involving area of rectangles and composite rectangles (Q2)
  • Solve problems involving perimeter of rectangles and composite rectangles (Q2)

Earth Science (Q1 & Q3)

• Ask questions - to compare and contrast technological advances that have changed the amount and type of information on distant objects in the sky (Q1)
• Construct an argument - on why some stars (including the Earth’s sun) appear to be larger or brighter than others (Q1)
• Construct an explanation - of the differences between stars and planets 
• Evaluate the strengths and limitations of models of our solar system in describing the relative size, order, appearance, and composition of planets and the sun (Q1)
• Develop a model to support an explanation of why the length of day and night change throughout the year (Q1)
  Develop a model based on observations to describe the repeating pattern of the phases of the moon (new, crescent, quarter, gibbous, and full) (Q1)
• Construct an explanation of how the Earth’s orbit, with its consistent tilt, affects seasonal changes (Q1)
• Plan and carry out investigations to observe the flow of energy in water as it changes states from solid (ice) to liquid (water) to gas (water vapor) and changes from gas to liquid to solid (Q3)
• Develop models to illustrate multiple pathways water may take during the water cycle (evaporation, condensation, and precipitation) (Q3)
• Construct an explanation of how weather instruments (thermometer, rain gauge, barometer, wind vane, and anemometer) are used in gathering weather data and making forecasts (Q3)
• Interpret data from weather maps, including fronts (warm, cold, and stationary), temperature, pressure, and precipitation, to make an informed prediction about tomorrow’s weather (Q3)
• Ask questions and use observations of cloud types (cirrus, stratus, and cumulus) and data of weather conditions to predict weather events (Q3)
  Construct an explanation based on research to communicate the difference between weather and climate (Q3)

Life Science (Q2)

• Develop a model - to describe the roles of producers, consumers, and decomposers in a community 
• Develop simple models - to illustrate the flow of energy through a food web/food chain, beginning with sunlight and including producers, consumers, and decomposers
• Design a scenario - to demonstrate the effect of a change on an ecosystem
• Develop a model - Illustrating and describing changes to the flow of energy in an ecosystem when plants or animals become scarce, extinct, or overabundant using printed and digital media

Physical Science (Q4)

• Plan and carry out investigations to observe and record how light interacts with various materials to classify them as opaque, transparent, or translucent 
• Plan and carry out investigations to describe the path light travels from a light source to a mirror and how it is reflected by the mirror using different angles 
• Plan and carry out an investigation utilizing everyday materials to explore examples of when light is refracted 
• Plan and carry out an investigation utilizing everyday objects to produce sound and predict the effects of changing the strength or speed of vibrations 
• Design and construct a device to communicate across a distance using light and/or sound 
• Plan and carry out an investigation on the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on an object and communicate the results 
• Construct an argument to support the claim that gravitational force affects the motion of an object 
• Ask questions to identify and explain the uses of simple machines (lever, pulley, wedge, inclined plane, wheel and axle, and screw) and how forces are changed when simple machines are used to complete tasks

Geographic Understandings (Q1)

• Locate important physical and man-made features in the United States
• Describe how physical systems affect human systems

Historical Understandings (Q1 - Q4)

• Explain the causes, events, and results of the American Revolution (Q1)
• Analyze the challenges faced by the framers of the Constitution (Q2)
• Explain westward expansion in America (Q2 & Q3)
• Examine the main ideas of the abolitionist and suffrage movements (Q3)
• Explain the causes, major events, and consequences of the Civil War (Q3 & Q4)
• Analyze the effects of Reconstruction on American life (Q4)

Government/Civic Understandings (Q1)

• Describe the meaning of "natural rights" as found in the Declaration of Independence, “We the People” from the Preamble to the US Constitution as a reflection of the consent of the governed or popular sovereignty, the federal system of government in the US (federal powers, state powers, and shared powers), and representative democracy/republic (Q1)
• Explain the importance of freedoms guaranteed by the First Amendment to the US Constitution (Q1)
• Describe the structure of government and the Bill of Rights (Q1)

Economic Understandings (Q1 & Q3)

• Identify the elements of a personal budget (income, expenditures, and saving) and explain why personal spending and saving decisions are important (Q1)
• Describe the basic economic concepts of trade, opportunity cost, specialization, voluntary exchange, productivity, and price incentives to illustrate historical events (Q3)