Second Grade

Reading Foundational Skills

• Phonics and Word Recognition
  • Distinguish long and short vowels 
  • Know spelling-sound correspondences for common vowel teams 
  • Decode regularly spelled two-syllable words with long vowels 
  • Decode words with common prefixes and suffixes 
  • Identify words with inconsistent by common spelling-sound correspondences 
• Fluency – reading grade-level text with appropriate accuracy, rate, expression, and self-correction 

Vocabulary

• Ask and answer questions to determine the meaning of words in a text
• Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words 
• Demonstrate understanding of word relationships and nuances 
• Use words and phrases acquired through conversation, reading, and being read to 

Interpreting Texts

• Listening Comprehension
  • Describe how characters in a story respond to major events and challenges
  • Describe the connection between a series of historical events, scientific ideas, or steps in a technical text
  • Describe the overall structure of a story
  • Acknowledge the difference in points-of-view of characters
  • Identify the main purpose of a text
  • Describe how reasons support specific points an author makes
  • Compare and contrast two versions of the same story
  • Compare and contrast the most important points presented by two texts on the same topic

• Reading Comprehension
  • Ask and answer questions such as who, what, where, when, why, and how to demonstrate understanding of key details in a fiction text
  • Ask and answer questions about who, what, where, when, why, and how to demonstrate understanding of key details in a nonfiction text
  • Recount stories to determine the central message, lesson, or moral
  • Identify the main topic of a multi-paragraph text
  • Describe how words and phrases supply rhythm and meaning in a story, poem, or song
  • Determine the meanings of words and phrases in a text relevant to a grade 2 topic
  • Know and use various text features to locate key information
  • Use information gained from the illustrations and words in a print or digital text to demonstrate understanding
  • Explain how specific images contribute to and clarify a text

Constructing Texts

• Oral Communication
  • Tell a story or recount an experience with appropriate facts and relevant details
  • With guidance and support, create audio recordings of stories or poems
  • Produce complete sentences when appropriate to task and situation
  • Recall information from experiences or gather information from provided sources to answer a question
• Written Communication
  • Write opinion pieces 
  • Write informative (explanatory) texts 
  • Write narratives (stories) 
  • With guidance and support from adults and peers, focus on a topic and strengthen writing by revising and editing
  • With guidance and support from adults, use a variety of tools to produce and publish writing 
  • Create documents with legible handwriting with proper formation (left to right, top to bottom, appropriate spacing and size) 
  • Participate in shared research and writing 
  • Demonstrate command of the conventions of English grammar and usage when writing and speaking 
  • Demonstrate command of the conventions of English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing
  • Creates documents with legible handwriting with proper formation (left to right, top to bottom, and with appropriate spacing and size)

 Numerical Reasoning

• Place Value Understanding within 1000
  • Write a three-digit number in unit form to show that each digit represents an amount of hundreds, tens, and ones (Q1)
  • Show that 100 can be thought of as a bundle of 10 tens - called a hundred (Q1)
• Counting & Skip Counting within 1000
  • Count forward by ones, tens, and hundreds within 1,000, starting at any number (Q1)
  • Count forward by fives from multiples of 5 (Q1)
  • Count forward by 25s from 0 (Q1)
  • Count backward by ones, tens, and hundreds within 1,000, starting at any number (Q1)
• Represent, Compare, & Order Numbers within 1000
  • Read numbers to 1000 by using base-ten numerals, word form, and expanded form (Q1)
  • Write numbers to 1000 by using base-ten numerals, word form, and expanded form (Q1)
  • Compare 2 three-digit numbers by using >, =, and < symbols (Q1)
• Fluently Add & Subtract within 20
  • Add fluently within 20 (Q1 - Q4)
• 10 or 100 More/Less than a Given 3-Digit Number
  • Mentally add 10 or 100 to any number 100-900 (Q3)
  • Mentally subtract 10 or 100 from any number 100-900 (Q3)
• Add & Subtract within 200
  • Rename 10 if a smaller unit as 1 of a larger unit (Q2)
  • Rename 1 of a larger unit as 10 of a smaller unit (Q2)
  • Add up to 4 two-digit numbers by using strategies based on place value or properties of operations (Q2)
  • Explain why subtraction strategies work by using place value or properties of operations (Q2 - Q4)
  • Represent and solve one-step addition and subtraction word problem types within 200 by using drawings and equations with a symbol for the unknown (Q1 - Q4)
  • Add, subtract, or compare within 200 to solve word problems involving lengths that are given in the same units by using drawings and equations (Q2 - Q3)
• Fluently Add & Subtract within 100
  • Add and subtract fluently within 100 by using strategies based on place value, properties of operations, or the relationship between addition and subtraction (Q2 - Q4)
• Even/Odd Numbers & Equal Groups
  • Write a repeated addition equation to represent an array, including writing an equation to express an even number as the sum of two equal addends (Q4)
  • Determine whether the number of objects in a group (up to 20) is even or odd (Q4)
  • Partition a rectangle into rows and columns of same-size squares (Q4)
  • Represent equal groups of up to 5 groups of 5 objects by using manipulatives or drawings and apply an addition strategy (such as counting on, skip-counting, or doubles) to find the total number of objects (Q4)

Patterning & Algebraic Reasoning

• Repeating, Growing, & Shrinking Patterns
  • Identify, describe, and create a numerical pattern resulting from repeating an operation such as addition and subtraction (Q2 - Q3)
  • Identify, describe, and create growing patterns and shrinking patterns involving addition and subtraction up to 20 (Q2 - Q3)

Measurement & Data Reasoning

• Linear Measurement with Inches, Feet, & Yards
  • Measure lengths of objects by using simple measurement instruments (Q3)
  • Measure lengths of objects using an appropriate customary measurement tool (Q3)
  • Estimate and measure lengths of objects by using customary units (inches, feet, yards) (Q3)
  • Find a difference in length by using rulers, measuring tapes, and yardsticks (Q3)
• Ask Questions, Collect, Analyze, & Interpret Data
  • Draw picture and bar graphs to represent a data set with up to four categories (Q1)
  • Label picture and bar graphs to represent a data set with up to four categories (Q1)
  • Solve addition, subtraction, and comparison problems by using information from a bar graph (Q1)
• Represent Addition & Subtraction on a Number Line
  • Represent whole numbers within 100 on a number line (Q1)
  • Represent sums within 100 by using a number line (Q1)
  • Represent differences within 100 by using a number line (Q1)
  • Add or subtract within 100 to solve word problems involving length by using drawings and equations (Q1 - Q3) 
• Time to the Nearest 5 Minutes & Elapsed Time
  • Tell and write time to the nearest 5 minutes on analog and digital clocks (Q3)
  • Label a given daily event as taking place in the am or pm (Q3)
  • Measure elapsed time using a timeline to the hour or half-hour (Q3)
• Solve Problems with Dollars or Cents
  • Count a collection of coins in groups using counting strategies (Q3)
  • Record the value of coins in a group in standard form by using counting strategies (Q3)
  • Represent and solve word problems involving money by using the $ and ¢ symbols appropriately (Q3)
  • Solve word problems by using different ways to make change from 1 dollar (Q3)

Geometric & Spatial Reasoning

• Two- & Three-Dimensional Shapes
  • Recognize shapes based on defining attributes (Q3)
  • Draw shapes based on defining attributes (Q3)
  • Identify triangles, quadrilaterals, pentagons, hexagons, and cubes (Q3)
• Line Symmetry in Everyday Objects
  • Identify at least one line of symmetry in everyday objects (Q3)
• Partition Circles & Rectangles into Equal Shares
  • Partition circles and rectangles into equal shares (Q3)
  • Describe parts of circles and rectangles by using the words halves, thirds, fourths, etc. (Q3)

Earth Science (Q2 & Q3)

• Ask questions to describe the physical attributes (size and brightness) of stars (Q2)
• Construct an argument to support the claim that although the sun appears to be the brightest and largest star, it is actually medium in size and brightness (Q2)
• Plan and carry out an investigation to determine the effect of the position of the sun in relation to a fixed object on Earth at various times of the day (Q2)
• Design and build a structure that demonstrates how shadows change throughout the day (Q2)
• Represent data in tables and/or graphs of the length of the day and night to recognize the change in seasons (Q2)
• Use data from personal observations to describe, illustrate, and predict how the appearance of the moon changes over time in a pattern (Q2)
• Ask questions to obtain information about major changes to the environment in your community (Q3)
• Construct an explanation of the causes and effects of a change to the environment in your community (Q3)

Life Science (Q4)

• Develop models to identify the parts of a plant—root, stem, leaf, and flower  Ask questions to compare and contrast the basic needs of plants (air, water, light, and nutrients) and animals (air, water, food, and shelter)
• Design a solution to ensure that a plant or animal has all of its needs met

Physical Science (Q1 & Q2)

• Ask questions to describe and classify different objects according to their physical properties (Q1)
• Construct an explanation for how structures made from small pieces (linking cubes, building blocks) can be disassembled and then rearranged to make new and different structures (Q1)
• Provide evidence from observations to construct an explanation that some changes in matter caused by heating or cooling can be reversed and some changes are irreversible (Q1)
• Plan and carry out an investigation to demonstrate how pushing and pulling on an object affects the motion of the object (Q2)
• Design a device to change the speed or direction of an object (Q2)
• Record and analyze data to decide if a design solution works as intended to change the speed or direction of an object with a force (a push or a pull) (Q2)

Historical Understandings (Q1 - Q4)

• Compare and contrast the Georgia Muscogee (Creek) and Cherokee cultures of the past to those of Georgians today (Q1)
• Describe the lives and contributions of historical figures in Georgia history: James Oglethorpe (Q2), Tomochichi (Q2), and Mary Musgrove (founding of Georgia) (Q2), Sequoyah (development of a Cherokee alphabet) (Q2), Jackie Robinson (sportsmanship and civil rights) (Q3), Martin Luther King, Jr (Q3) (civil rights), Juliette Gordon Low (Q4) (Girl Scouts and leadership) Jimmy Carter (leadership and human rights) (Q3)

Geographic Understandings (Q1)

• Locate and compare the geographic regions of Georgia: Blue Ridge, Piedmont, Coastal Plain, Ridge and Valley, and Appalachian Plateau 
• Locate on a physical map the major rivers: Savannah, Flint, and Chattahoochee 
• Identify specific locations significant to the life and times of each historic figure, and the Muscogee (Creek) and Cherokee, on a political or physical map
• Describe how each historic figure and the Muscogee (Creek) and Cherokee adapted to and were influenced by their environments 
• Describe how the region in which these historic figures lived affected their lives and compare these regions to the region in which students live 
• Describe the regions in Georgia where the Muscogee (Creek) and Cherokee lived and how the people used their local resources

Government/Civic Understandings (Q3)

• Define the concept of government and the need for rules and laws
• Identify the following elected officials of the executive branch and where they work: President (leader of our nation) and Washington, DC – White House, Governor (leader of our state) and Atlanta, GA – State Capitol Building, Mayor (leader of a city) and city hall
• Give examples of how the historical figures in SS2H1 demonstrate positive citizenship traits such as honesty, dependability, trustworthiness, honor, civility, good sportsmanship, patience, and compassion

Economic Understandings (Q4)

• Explain that because of scarcity, people must make choices that result in opportunity costs
• Identify some ways in which goods and services are allocated (such as: price, majority rule, contests, force, sharing, lottery, authority, first-come-first-served, and personal characteristics)
• Explain that people usually use money to obtain the goods and services they want and explain how money makes trade easier than barter
• Describe the costs and benefits of personal saving and spending choices